Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Papua New Guinean infants exposed to <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and <em>P. vivax</em>: a... (Publications)
(PE) against all episodes of clinical malaria from 3 to 15 mo of age. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. The PE (compared to placebo) against clinical malaria episodes (caused by all species) was [...] No rebound in malaria morbidity was observed for 6 mo following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: IPTi using a long half-life drug combination is efficacious for the prevention of malaria and anemia in infants [...] Intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) has been shown in...
Impact of promoting longer-lasting insecticide treatment of bed nets upon malaria transmission in a rural Tanzanian setting with pre-existing high... (Publications)
experienced extremely high malaria transmission in the 1990s. By 2001-03, following high usage rates (75% of all age groups) of untreated bed nets, a 4.2-fold reduction in malaria transmission intensity was [...] Anopheles arabiensis was only 38%. CONCLUSION: Insecticide treatment of nets reduced the intensity of malaria transmission in addition to that achieved by the untreated nets alone. Impacts were most pronounced
Estimation of heterogeneity in malaria transmission by stochastic modelling of apparent deviations from mass action kinetics (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Quantifying heterogeneity in malaria transmission is a prerequisite for accurate predictive mathematical models, but the variance in field measurements of exposure overestimates true micro [...] challenge by infectious vectors. This appears to violate the principle of mass action that is implied by malaria biology. Micro-heterogeneity may be the reason for this anomaly. It is proposed that the level of [...] exposure. METHODS: The relationship between the entomological inoculation...
Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d'Ivoire (Publications)
BACKGROUND: The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is an effective malaria control strategy. However, there are challenges to achieve high coverage, such as distribution sustainability, and [...] study assessed the effect of LLINs coverage and contextual factors on entomological indicators of malaria in rural Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS: The study was carried out between July 2009 and May 2012 in three [...] of central Côte d'Ivoire. In Bozi and Yoho, LLINs were distributed free of charge...
Community response to intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) in Papua New Guinea (Publications)
Africa this article aims to investigate the acceptability of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to mothers [...] is little evidence that IPTi has negative impacts on attitudes to EPI, EPI adherence or existing malaria prevention practices. CONCLUSION: The degree of similarity between findings from the acceptability [...] health cultures, appears to be accepted easily and has little impact on...
Potential causes and consequences of behavioural resilience and resistance in malaria vector populations: a mathematical modelling analysis (Publications)
evade fatal exposure to insecticidal nets and sprays represents the primary obstacle to eliminating malaria. However, it remains unclear which behaviours are most important for buffering mosquito and parasite
Improving health worker adherence to malaria treatment guidelines in Papua New Guinea: feasibility and acceptability of a text message reminder... (Publications)
whether a text message reminder service designed to support health worker adherence to a revised malaria treatment protocol is feasible and acceptable in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The study took place in [...] resources. In conclusion, a text message reminder service to support health worker adherence to the new malaria treatment protocol is feasible and acceptable in PNG. A rigorous pragmatic, effectiveness trial would
Generalized seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models for count data with application to malaria time series with low case numbers (Publications)
The models were applied to monthly malaria case time series in a district in Sri Lanka, where malaria has decreased dramatically in recent years. RESULTS: The malaria series showed long-term changes in [...] INTRODUCTION: With the renewed drive towards malaria elimination, there is a need for improved surveillance tools. While time series analysis is an important tool for surveillance, prediction and for measuring [...] on in the series. CONCLUSIONS: G(S)ARIMA models may be particularly useful...
Modeling the public health impact of malaria vaccines for developers and policymakers (Publications)
of malaria vaccines as complements to existing interventions. However, the complexity of such models may make their outputs inaccessible to non-modeling specialists. This paper describes a Malaria Vaccine [...] BACKGROUND: Efforts to develop malaria vaccines show promise. Mathematical model-based estimates of the potential demand, public health impact, and cost and financing requirements can be used to inform [...] functionality was demonstrated by estimating the public health impact of a...
Over-diagnosis of malaria by microscopy in the Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania: an evaluation of the utility and cost-effectiveness of rapid... (Publications)
is the most common form of malaria diagnosis, concerns over its accuracy have prompted the incorporation of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) into many national malaria control programmes. METHODS: [...] and accurate diagnosis of febrile patients is essential to treat uncomplicated malaria cases properly, prevent severe malaria, and avert unnecessary anti-malarial treatments. Improper use of anti-malarials [...] estimating the extent of malaria over-diagnosis and over-treatment with...
