Microbial larvicide application by a large-scale, community-based program reduces malaria infection prevalence in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Malaria control in Africa is most tractable in urban settlements yet most research has focused on rural settings. Elimination of malaria transmission from urban areas may require larval control [...] managed, delivery systems in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Continuous, randomized cluster sampling of malaria infection prevalence and non-random programmatic surveillance of entomological inoculation rate (EIR) [...] = 0.001) when 45% (9/20) of directly observed transmission events...
Artemisinin-based combination therapy does not measurably reduce human infectiousness to vectors in a setting of intense malaria transmission (Publications)
n therapy (ACT) for treating malaria has activity against immature gametocytes. In theory, this property may complement the effect of terminating otherwise lengthy malaria infections and reducing the parasite [...] are common and cured patients are rapidly and repeatedly re-infected. METHODS: From 2001 to 2004, malaria vector densities were monitored using light traps in three Tanzanian districts. Mosquitoes were dissected [...] determined by ELISA. Sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) monotherapy was...
Obstacles to prompt and effective malaria treatment lead to low community-coverage in two rural districts of Tanzania (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Malaria is still a leading child killer in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, access to prompt and effective malaria treatment, a mainstay of any malaria control strategy, is sub-optimal in many settings [...] location of treatment sources. RESULTS: After intensive health education, the biomedical concept of malaria has largely been adopted by the community. 87.5% (78.2-93.8) of the fever cases in children and 80
The combined effect of determinants on coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania (Publications)
(ANC) clinics is an important and efficacious intervention to reduce adverse health outcomes of malaria infections during pregnancy. However, coverage for the recommended two IPTp doses is still far below [...] delivery practices and increase IPTp coverage. Pregnant women's knowledge about IPTp and the risks of malaria during pregnancy should be enhanced as well as their ability and power to demand IPTp and other ANC
<em>Plasmodium vivax</em> and mixed infections are associated with severe malaria in children: a prospective cohort study from Papua New Guinea (Publications)
prospective cohort study conducted within the framework of the Malaria Vaccine Epidemiology and Evaluation Project. All presumptive malaria cases presenting at two rural health facilities over an 8-y period [...] diagnosis of malaria associated with asexual blood stage parasitaemia and recent history of fits, or coma, or respiratory distress, or anaemia [haemoglobin < 5 g/dl]). Out of 17,201 presumptive malaria cases [...] BACKGROUND: Severe malaria (SM) is classically associated with Plasmodium...
Artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy in acute <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> malaria in young children: a field study regarding neurological and... (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria is one of the treatments used in African children. Data concerning neurological safety in adults and children [...] study was conducted among African children between 10 and 20 kg with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. They were treated over three consecutive days with a paediatric fixed-dose combination of artesunate [...] RESULTS: From December 2007 to March 2009, 220 children with uncomplicated...
Simulated impact of RTS,S/AS01 vaccination programs in the context of changing malaria transmission (Publications)
INTRODUCTION: The RTS,S/AS01 pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine is in phase III clinical trials. It is critical to anticipate where and how it should be implemented if trials are successful. Such planning [...] planning may be complicated by changing levels of malaria transmission. METHODS/RESULTS: Computer simulations were used to examine RTS,S/AS01 impact, using a vaccine profile based on phase II trial results,
Time to move from presumptive malaria treatment to laboratory-confirmed diagnosis and treatment in African children with fever (Publications)
declining malarial transmission in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, declining proportions of fevers due to malaria, and the availability of rapid diagnostic tests mean it may be time for this policy to change. This [...] to support a shift toward laboratory-confirmed rather than presumptive diagnosis and treatment of malaria in children under five
Age-patterns of malaria vary with severity, transmission intensity and seasonality in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and pooled analysis (Publications)
P. falciparum clinical malaria, hospital admissions with malaria and malaria-diagnosed mortality. Studies were allocated to a 3x2 matrix of intensity and seasonality of malaria transmission. Maximum likelihood [...] falciparum malaria were concentrated in the youngest age groups across all settings. Despite recently observed declines in malaria transmission in several countries, which will shift the burden of malaria cases [...] for each outcome. Clinical malaria incidence was relatively evenly...